How is Campylobacter primarily transmitted?

How is Campylobacter primarily transmitted?

• A. Fecal-oral and foodborne transmission.
• B. Airborne transmission via respiratory droplets.
• C. Vector-borne by ticks.
• D. Bloodborne transmission only.

Answer: (A)

Campylobacter infections are most often acquired when the bacteria shed in feces are ingested, typically via contaminated food or water. The strongest link is to undercooked poultry, but cross-contamination in the kitchen (clean surfaces or utensils that touch raw poultry and then contact ready-to-eat foods) and consumption of unpasteurized milk or untreated water also contribute. Preventing this route focuses on thorough cooking, pasteurization, and good hygiene to avoid fecal contamination. Airborne spread, vector-borne transmission by ticks, and bloodborne routes are not the usual means of transmission for Campylobacter, making the fecal-oral and foodborne pathway the primary mode.

Campylobacter infections are most often acquired when the bacteria shed in feces are ingested, typically via contaminated food or water. The strongest link is to undercooked poultry, but cross-contamination in the kitchen (clean surfaces or utensils that touch raw poultry and then contact ready-to-eat foods) and consumption of unpasteurized milk or untreated water also contribute. Preventing this route focuses on thorough cooking, pasteurization, and good hygiene to avoid fecal contamination. Airborne spread, vector-borne transmission by ticks, and bloodborne routes are not the usual means of transmission for Campylobacter, making the fecal-oral and foodborne pathway the primary mode.